Alkanes are a group of chemical compounds that are composed entirely of hydrogen and carbon. They are classified based on how many carbon atoms they contain, how many hydrogen atoms they contain, and whether they are saturated or unsaturated.
Alkanes with five carbon atoms are called pentane. Pentane is a commodity chemical used in industrial processes. It is also a common ingredient in gasoline due to its high vapor pressure, meaning it easily passes into a gas state.
Gasoline is a mixture of alkanes, primarily containing iso-octane as its main component. Iso-octane is an unsaturated alkane with eight hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atom.
This experiment tests the reaction of 4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexyne with two equivalents of hydrobenzene to form linear and branched alkanes. The researchers found that the reaction produces more linear than branched alkanes.
Draw the structure of 2-(4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexynyl)bromine
Now, let’s see how to draw the alkane (or alkyl) formed when 2-(4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexynyl)bromine is treated with two equivalents of HBr.
The first step is to draw the skeleton of the alkane. We can do this by using the drop down menu on our drawing software and choosing alkanes. Then we can choose a length and weight for our alkane and our software will automatically draw it for us.
Our next step is to assign ionization constants to our atoms. We will need to find these values online. For our example, we need to find the ionization constant of bromine which is 1.8 × 10−5 mol/L.(source: ChemFinder BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute.)
Then we need to determine what ratio of HBr:2-(4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexynyl)bromine gives us 2-(4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexynyl)bromide. To do this we simply divide 1 by the molar mass of HBr which is 100 g/mol and then multiply that by the molar mass of 2-(4,5,5-trimethyl-1 hexynyl)bromine which is 102 g/mol.(source: ChemFinder BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute.) Then we simply divide that number by 1.8 × 10−6 mol/L which gives us a ratio of 0.005 mol HBr per mol 2-(4,5 , 5 – trimethyl – 1 – hexynyl ) bromine .
Draw the structure of 2-(4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexynyl)-1HBr
Now, let’s look at what happens when 1-hexyne is treated with two equivalents of HBr. The product is 2-bromo-1-hexene, or 2-(4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexynyl)-1HBr.
This molecule has an alkane chain attached to a bromine atom. The chain is made of eight carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom, which attaches to the bromine atom. The shape of the bromine atom is also shown.
This molecule is not very stable, so it likely breaks down into simpler compounds over time. It may even break down via chemical reactions with other molecules.
Combine bromine and hydrogen bromide to form hydrogen chloride and 1HBr
The chemical reaction shown in the image above is a combination of bromine and hydrogen bromide, also known as hydrogen chloride. This reaction forms 1-bromohexane, also called hexylene brine.
This reaction is an example of a free radical addition-elimination reaction. In this type of chemical reaction, a species with at least one unpaired electron acts as a reagent that adds to another molecule, then is eliminated to form a new compound.
In this case, the 1HBr radical adds to ethyne (which is CH=CH2) to form hexane and methyl chloride. The methyl chloride then reacts with more 1HBr to form more hexane.[|]
The reactions shown above are examples of what are called tandem reactions. In these cases, two separate reactions occur in sequence, each producing different compounds.
Treat 4,5,6-trimethyl hexyne with 1HBr to get 2-(4,- 5,- 5,- trimethyl hexynyl)-1HBr
A novel method for the direct formation of alkenes from β-hydrocarbons via Grignard reagents has been reported. This new method is termed Grignard Addition–Hydroboration–Carbonation (GACH) and proceeds in a one-pot fashion.
This methodology was demonstrated for the direct formation of 2-(4,- 5,- 5,- trimethyl hexynyl)-1HBr, which is the product obtained when 4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexyne is treated with two equivalents of HBr. The byproduct H2 is recycled to the hydroboration step to conserve reagents and resources.
This method could be applicable to other compounds with different ring systems as long as appropriate Grignard reagents are available. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the scope of this reaction.
Treat 2-(4,- 5,- 5,- trimethyl hexynyl)-1HBr with another equivalent of Hbr to get the final product
In this blog post, the author describes how to draw the alkane that is formed when 4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexyne is treated with two equivalents of HBr. This process can be applied to any alkane that is formed via this same reaction.
First, draw the skeletal structure of the alkane using either beta-methyl cyclohexane or 1,2,3,-trihydroxycyclohexane as a guide. Then, color in the hydrogen atoms and add the oxygen atoms. Finally, add the chlorine atoms to complete the molecule!
It is important to know how to draw organic molecules in order to understand chemical reactions and processes. Drawing these molecules helps us visualize what is happening.
Compare structures of all compounds involved in this reaction with their corresponding alkane counterparts
Now, let’s look at how to draw the alkane formed when 4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexyne is treated with two equivalents of HBr. First, you must draw the aromatic ring system.
To do this, you must first draw the benzene ring and then attach the hydrogen and carbon atoms. Next, you must draw the methyl group attached to the ring and then connect it to the benzene ring. Then, you must add two hydrogens to the methyl group.
The last step is to add two hydrogens to the benzene ring and then connect it to a methyl group. This is done by drawing out the lines of both compounds and connecting them.
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